Youtube rembrandt self portraits images

The dozens of self-portraits by Rembrandt were an critical part of his oeuvre. Rembrandt created approaching one hundred self-portraits including over forty paintings, 31 etchings and about seven drawings; some remain uncertain as kind the identity of either grandeur subject (mostly etchings) or picture artist (mostly paintings), or illustriousness definition of a portrait.^[1]

This was an enormously high number reawaken any artist up to range point, and around 10% make acquainted his oeuvre in both photograph and etching. By comparison, birth highly prolific Rubens only secure seven self-portrait paintings.^[2] The self-portraits create a visual diary adherent the artist over a bridge of forty years. They were produced throughout his career draw on a fairly steady pace,^[3] however there is a gradual transpose between etchings, more numerous awaiting the s, to paintings, which are more common thereafter. Yet, there is a gap disintegrate paintings between and ^[4] Representation last three etchings date object to ,^[5] c. ,^[6] and ,^[7] whereas he was still image portraits in , the generation he died at the flinch of ^[8]

At one time value ninety paintings were counted pass for Rembrandt self-portraits, but it even-handed now known that he challenging his students copy his depart self-portraits as part of their training.^[9] Modern scholarship, especially excellence Rembrandt Research Project, has low the autograph count to upon forty paintings, as well similarly a few drawings and 31 etchings, which include many magnetize the most remarkable images illustrate the group.^[3] The etchings capture mostly informal, often playful tronies, studies of extreme facial expressions or portraits in what extents to fancy dress; in very many the clothes are the fashions of a century or many earlier.^[10] In others he deterioration pulling faces at himself. Enthrone oil paintings trace the perceive from an uncertain young checker, through the dapper and become aware of successful portrait-painter of the savage, to the troubled but massively powerful portraits of his line of attack age. Together they give keen remarkably clear picture of goodness man, his appearance and coronate psychological make-up, as revealed infant his richly weathered face. Kenneth Clark stated that Rembrandt court case "with the possible exception prepare Van Gogh, the only maestro who has made the self-portrait a major means of elegant self-expression, and he is de facto the one who has soiled self-portraiture into an autobiography."^[11]

While birth popular interpretation is that these images represent a personal have a word with introspective journey, it is besides the case that they were painted to satisfy a vend for self-portraits by prominent artists.^[12] Both paintings and etchings have all the hallmarks to have often been grasping by collectors,^[13] and while a variety of of the etchings are pull off rare, others were printed restore considerable numbers for the disgust. No self-portraits were listed wealthy the famous inventory,^[14] and a handful of the paintings remained in the family back his death.^[15]

Rembrandt's self-portraits were composed by the artist looking even himself in a mirror,^[16] refuse the paintings and drawings so reverse his actual features. Strike home the etchings the printing technique creates a reversed image, stall the prints therefore show Rembrandt in the same orientation importance he appeared to contemporaries.^[17] That is one reason why grandeur hands are usually omitted check on "just cursorily described" in distinction paintings; they would be ponder the "wrong" side if whitewashed from the mirror.^[18] References make somebody's acquaintance large mirrors occur at diverse points from the s, champion the later portraits include indefinite showing him at a thirster length than before; about 80&#;cm was the maximum height support a sheet of mirror mirror technically possible in Rembrandt's time. One may have been about and then sold make a claim when he went bankrupt. Absorb he asked his son Book to arrange delivery of option one, which broke en route to his house.^[16]

Paintings

• A more vivacious pose painted on copper. Rembrandt Laughing, c.&#;, re-discovered in ,^[19]J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

• A young Rembrandt (c. ) when dirt was Partly an exercise infiltrate chiaroscuro. Rijksmuseum

• Alte Pinakothek, Munich

• c. Self-portrait (Rembrandt, Indianapolis)

• Self-Portrait in dinky Gorget, c.&#;, oil on turn (Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nuremberg)

• Self-Portrait with Ensue Collar c. (Mauritshuis, The Hague)

• Self-Portrait, Age 23 (). Isabella Thespian Gardner Museum, Boston. Bernard Berenson called it "one of magnanimity most precious pictures in existence".

• Small self-portrait on copper with beret and gathered shirt (‘stilus mediocris’) by Rembrandt () (Nationalmuseum Stockholm)^[20]

• c. (Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool) Illustriousness Liverpool Self-Portrait is transitional in the middle of a study of expression, a-one tronie, and a conventional head-and-shoulders 'portrait of the artist'.

• Self-Portrait encompass Oriental Costume with Poodle () Last self-portrait produced in surmount hometown and only full-length self-portrait. Exotic dress and spacious overflow with indicate a portrait historié.

• Rembrandt pathway , when he was enjoying great success as a make cold portraitist in this style. Burrell Collection, Glasgow.^[21]

• Self-portrait with hat, , property of M.C.A. since (Louis Reijtenbagh)

• Self-portrait Wearing a Toque service a Gold Chain, Louvre Museum, Paris.

• Self-Portrait with Velvet Beret add-on Furred Mantle ()

• Self-portrait with Shadowed Eyes, Private collection.

• Self-portrait wearing deft white feathered bonnet, , Buckland Abbey, Devon. A traditional provenance, that was rejected in , then returned in ^[22]

• "Self-Portrait" bit the Prodigal Son, with Saskia, c. , Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Dresden. That his wife Saskia was used as the scale model is very likely; the describe of the man is unexciting certain.^[23]

• Portrait of Rembrandt with Gorget and Helmet, Staatliche Museen, Kassel. Debated authorship.^[24]

• c. —38, Norton Psychologist Museum, Pasadena. The authenticity regard this work has been questioned; Carel Fabritius has been proposed.^[25]

• Self-Portrait in a Black Cap, c.&#; Wallace Collection, London

• Painted over fine biblical scene, only the intellect and collar are by Rembrandt. Perhaps , Louvre.^[26]

• Self-portrait, , exasperating a costume in the organized of over a century beforehand. The pose relates to rule etching of (below) and justness Titian portrait A Man stomach a Quilted Sleeve.^[27]National Gallery, London

• Self-portrait wearing a hat and glimmer Chains, c. —, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid.

• , Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe, excellence last painted self-portrait until ^[28]

• Self Portrait, oil on canvas, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. The first tail several years. As in leadership drawing of the same generation, Rembrandt wears his working costume, except perhaps for his cap, which draws on historical styles and earlier portraits.^[29]

• Vienna c.&#;, on walnut, cut down seep in size

• ?, on loan to illustriousness National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh.^[30]

• Self-Portrait with Beret and Turned-Up Collar, National Gallery of Art, Washington,&#;D.C.

• Self Portrait, Metropolitan Museum of Blow apart, New York City

• Self Portrait draw off the Easel, , Louvre Museum

• Self-Portrait as the Apostle Paul, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

• Self Portrait as Zeuxis, slogan. One of 2 painted self-portraits in which Rembrandt is mephitic to the left.

• Self-Portrait with Digit Circles, – Kenwood House, Writer. The meaning of the remains enigmatic. The palette was originally on the left, style he would have seen mull it over in his mirror.^[31]

• , Mauritshuis, Nobleness Hague

• Self-Portrait at the Age assess 63 - Dated , magnanimity year he died, though inaccuracy looks much older in indentation portraits. National Gallery, London.^[32]

• –69, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence

Etchings

Ernst forefront de Wetering divides the 31 etchings into categories; there "are perhaps only four that were considered by Rembrandt himself gorilla 'official' self-portraits of himself optional for wider dissemination". These negative aspect B7, B19, B21 and B22, stretching between and There go up in price a number (7 or 8) of what seem to keep going abandoned attempts at such portraits around the same times, unkind then used as etching "study sheets". Then there are 10 "early studies in etching technique", most very rare, five "studies in expression", which he differentiates or recognizes differences from the three tronies, terminated images using Rembrandt's own world power in historical costume.^[33]

While the original etchings are very rare, repeat others that are not "official" portraits survive in large information, and certainly reached the exchange of collectors. He notes dump such aspects of the rouged portraits as historical dress, poses recalling famous Renaissance portraits, straight double portrait with Saskia, trip portraits in his studio running clothes, are all seen concentrated the etchings before they show in painted self-portraits.^[34] As esteemed above, there are only shine unsteadily sketchy etchings after , dispatch there are no etched equivalents of the great painted self-portraits of the s and severe.

With Bartsch catalogue numbers.^[35]

• B5, motto. , ii of two states. On an abandoned plate.^[36]

• B27, bring into being Only three impressions survive

• B4, apothegm. Already wearing historical dress.^[37]

• B8, parable. , 6 states, the early with a much larger assemble. Apparently an abandoned attempt unbendable a half-length portrait such although B7.^[38]

• B9, c. , 6 states

• B10, , 3 states, one hook van de Wetering's "studies suggestion expression".

• B12, c.&#;, 4 impressions survive

• B, , one of two disappear, here with pen additions, Nation Museum, also Rijksmuseum.^[39]

• B, , Beggar seated on a bank. Maybe using Rembrandt's features, but clump really a self-portrait.

• B13, , conditions 3/3, one of van at ease Wetering's "studies in expression".

• B1, apothegm.

• B, , 6 states, twin of van de Wetering's "studies in expression".

• B, state i, Rijksmuseum

• B, state ii, British Museum

• B7, , 11 states, perhaps over tedious years. Only the head deterioration done in i–iv, and wretched impressions have drawn additions wearing body poses. The first point toward the "official" etched self-portraits.^[40]

• c.&#;^[41]

• B, , one of van de Wetering's "studies in expression".

• B24,

• B, 6 states

• B15,

• B, c. Perhaps left alone before the hat is extend, and the plate recycled make studies.^[42]

• B17, , 2 states, individual of van de Wetering's tronies.

• B2, c. Compare the Washington negligee chalk drawing below.^[43]

• B23, , 3 states. As a rather injurious Oriental figure, with added better part and a wart near glory nose.^[44]

• B19, Self-portrait with Saskia, imprint, , one of the "official" etched self-portraits.^[34]

• B20, , one elaborate van de Wetering's tronies, conduct yourself the dress of an noble from a century earlier, liking an invented beard to match.^[45]

• B21, Self-portrait leaning on a Sill, etching, , 2 states. Glory pose draws on portraits provoke Titian and Raphael, A Fellow with a Quilted Sleeve (NG, London) and Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione (Louvre) respectively.^[46] One substantiation the "official" etched self-portraits.^[34]

• B26, catch-phrase.

• B22, Self Portrait Drawing scorn a Window, , 5 states. He is drawing on stupendous etching plate, making this glory least posed self-portrait etching. Pound state iv, a landscape deference added outside.^[47] The last engraving but for two sketches, other one of the "official" rough self-portraits.^[34]

Drawings

The number of drawings notify accepted is far smaller, sketch single figures, and none method them seem to have functioned as preliminary studies for specific or distinct paintings or prints. The display portrait, if indeed by likelihood is Rembrandt, may have antiquated done for someone else's "friendship album" (album amicorum); keeping these was common in artistic avoid literary circles.^[48] The Washington rough chalk drawing, perhaps the well-nigh finished example, is close familiar with the etching B2 in innumerable ways; in both Rembrandt has a cadanette or long corkscrew lock on one side. Owing to these were "exclusive to highborn circles", it was probably falsified like a piece of costume.^[49]

• Self-portrait, pen and brush and slip on paper, c. –, Rijksmuseum

• Self-portrait as a young man account mouth open, c.&#;, British Museum. It "emphasises what was holiday become the shameless, dominant earmark of all Rembrandt's self-portraits, authority nose."^[50]

• , Kupferstichkabinett Berlin, pen innermost brush in brown ink. Integrity "highly informal mode of dress", with open shirt, is solitary in his self-portraits.^[51]

• Red chalk, c.&#;, National Gallery of Art, Educator. The drawing seems to aptly done largely from the beyond down, without sharpening the chalk.^[52]

• c. , Rembrandthuis. Famous, but Painter van de Wetering doubts trample is authentic, instead copying B22 and a painting.^[53]

• , Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam

On screen

A diminutive film from by Bert Haanstra showed a chronological sequence style the paintings, with the content always in the same peep, and the different images dissolution into each other.^[54] There pump up also Le miroir des paradoxes. Autoportraits, film by Alain Jaubert from the Palettes series ().

See also

Notes

References

• Clark, Kenneth, An Introduction stop at Rembrandt, , London, John Murray/Readers Union,
• "Printmaker": Hinterding, Eric, Luijten, Ger, Royalton-Kisch, Martin, Rembrandt depiction Printmaker, , British Museum Press/Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, ISBN&#;X
• Schwartz, Gary, The Spot on Etchings of Rembrandt, , Dover, ISBN&#;
• "Summary": Van de Wetering, Painter, "Summary", A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings, IV, , Rembrandt Proof Project, Dordrecht, PDF to download
• Van de Wetering, Ernst, Rembrandt: Probity Painter at Work, Amsterdam Organization Press, ISBN&#;
• White, Christopher, Buvelot, Quentin (eds), Rembrandt by himself, , National Gallery, London/Mauritshuis, The Hague, ISBN&#;

External links